Biodegradable and Compostable: CPCB Clarifies Plastic Claims
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has clarified that “biodegradable” and “compostable” plastics are distinct categories under the Plastic Waste Management (PWM) Rules, 2016, as amended. The two terms must not be used interchangeably on product labels, packaging, advertisements or other marketing communications. Compostable Plastics Under the PWM Rules, compostable
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has clarified that “biodegradable” and “compostable” plastics are distinct categories under the Plastic Waste Management (PWM) Rules, 2016, as amended.
The two terms must not be used interchangeably on product labels, packaging, advertisements or other marketing communications.
Compostable Plastics
Under the PWM Rules, compostable plastics undergo biological degradation during composting, producing CO₂, water, inorganic compounds and biomass without leaving visible, distinguishable or toxic residues.
Key requirements:
- Must conform to IS/ISO 17088:2021, as amended.
- Must carry the prescribed declaration: “compostable only under industrial composting.”
- Manufacturers must obtain CPCB certification before marketing or sale.
Biodegradable Plastics
Biodegradable plastics undergo biological degradation in specified environments, such as soil, landfill, sewage sludge, freshwater or marine environments.
Key requirements:
- Must conform to IS 17899 T:2022, as notified by BIS.
- The prescribed label must specify the number of days required for degradation and the environment in which degradation occurs.
- Must not leave microplastics or visible, distinguishable or toxic residues having an adverse environmental impact.
- Manufacturers must obtain CPCB certification before marketing or sale.
What Businesses Should Keep in Mind
For manufacturers, producers, importers and brand owners, the distinction affects how environmental claims can be presented in the market.
Before using either claim, businesses should verify that the product:
- Falls under the correct regulatory category
- Meets the applicable Indian Standard
- Has the required CPCB certification
- Carries the prescribed labelling
- Uses the claim consistently across packaging and marketing communications
Marketing or selling compostable or biodegradable plastic carry bags or commodities without the required CPCB certification, or using the terms incorrectly, can constitute non-compliance with the PWM Rules, 2016
Key Takeaway
Biodegradable and compostable are not interchangeable claims.
The distinction affects the applicable standard, certification, labelling and environmental claims that businesses can make.
For businesses using sustainability claims on plastic products or packaging, accurate terminology is a compliance requirement, not just a communication choice.
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